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Cyclone Susan
Severe Tropical Cyclone Susan was one of the most intense tropical cyclones on record within the South Pacific basin, which was first noted on December 20, 1997, as a weak tropical disturbance located to the north of American Samoa. Over the next 12 days, the disturbance remained weak while it gradually moved towards the southwest before it started to rapidly develop on January 2, 1998 while it was located near the Fijian dependency of Rotuma. The disturbance was declared a tropical cyclone later that day, but was not named Susan until the next day, after it had intensified into a category 2 tropical cyclone on the Australian Scale. Over the next few days, Susan moved towards the southwest and continued to intensify before it reached its peak intensity as a category five tropical cyclone during January 5 while it was located about to the northwest of Vanuatu's capital city Port Vila.
At this stage as the cyclone was moving towards the southwest it posed a severe threat to Vanuatu however, during that day Susan recurved towards the southeast and subsequently spared Vanuatu a direct hit. After sparing Vanuatu a direct hit, Susan started to accelerate towards the southeast and while starting to weaken significantly passed close enough to Fiji during January 7 and 8 to cause gale force winds in Fiji's southern and western islands. While continuing to move towards the southeast, Susan started to interact with Severe Tropical Cyclone Ron during January 8 before it absorbed Ron by 0600 UTC the next day and starting to transition into an extratropical cyclone. The extratropical remnants of the combined systems were then monitored for another day until they were last noted on January 10, bringing an unseasonable cold snap to New Zealand. Despite sparing Vanuatu and Fiji direct hits, heavy rain and gale force winds associated with Susan were reported to have caused minor damage to several Vanuatuan and Fijian islands. These islands included Viti Levu where a possible tornado destroyed the roof of a shopping centre and the Vanuatuan island of Ambrym, where a woman died after being hit by a falling coconut tree, while gathering supplies to secure her house with.
==Meteorological History==
On December 20, 1997, the Fiji Meteorological Service's Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji (RSMC Nadi), started to monitor a weak tropical disturbance that was located about , to the northwest of Pago-Pago in American Samoa. Over the next two weeks the system gradually moved towards the west-southwest, without developing into a tropical cyclone.〔 During January 2, a mid-level ridge of high pressure developed between Fiji and Vanuatu, which provided an area of low vertical wind shear. The system subsequently started to show signs of significant development, before early on January 3, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated warnings on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 11P. RSMC Nadi subsequently reported later that day that the depression had intensified into a category 1 tropical cyclone, on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale, while located near the Fiji dependency of Rotuma. During that day the system continued to rapidly develop with RSMC Nadi reporting early on January 4, that Susan had become a category 3 severe tropical cyclone, with 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 120 km/h (75 mph). During January 4, Susan continued to rapidly intensify with the JTWC reporting that Susan had become equivalent to a category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale as convection surrounding the system organized further and developed an eye feature.〔
As the ridge of high pressure that was located to the south of the cyclone started to weaken, which meant that Susan started to move further towards the southwest. RSMC Nadi then reported at 0000 UTC on January 5, that the system had become a category 5 severe tropical cyclone with 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 140 mph (220 km/h), before reporting 6 hours later that Susan had reached its peak 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 145 mph (225 km/h) and a peak pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg). Around this time RSMC Nadi reported that the system might of developed a double eye feature while the JTWC reported that Susan had peaked with 1-minute wind speeds of 260 km/h (160 mph) equivalent to a weak category five hurricane on the SSHS.〔〔 As the system reached its peak intensity, Susan was moving towards the southwest and as a result, it "posed a severe threat to Vanuatu," however during that afternoon, Susan recurved towards the southeast "just in time to spare Vanuatu, a direct hit.” After turning away from Vanuatu, Susan accelerated towards the southeast while remaining near or at its peak intensities, before starting to weaken significantly during January 7.〔 RSMC Nadi then reported early the next day, that Susan had weakened into a category 4 severe tropical cyclone while it was located about , to the southeast of Nadi, Fiji, which was close enough for the system to produce gale force winds in several southern and western Fijian Islands.〔 By 0000 UTC on January 9, Susan had completely absorbed Cyclone Ron, before the final advisories on the combined system, were released later that day as it lost its tropical characteristics and became extratropical.〔 The remnants of the combined system were then monitored for another day, until they were last noted during January 10, bringing an unseasonable cold snap to New Zealand.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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